Basic English Grammar, Tenses, Articles and Adjectives, Prepositions, Conjunctions, Verb-Subject Agreement, Vocabulary: Idioms and Words in Context, Reading Comprehension, Sequencing of Ideas, Critical Reasoning and Verbal Deduction

Data Interpretation: Tables, Graphs and Charts, Numerical Computation and Estimation, Ratios, Percentages, Powers and Exponents, Logarithms, Permutations and Combinations, Mensuration, Geometry and Elementary Statistics, Probability

Logic: Deduction and Induction, Analogy, Numerical Relations and Reasoning

Transformation of Shapes: Translation, Rotation, Scaling, Mirroring, Assembling and Grouping, Paper Folding, Cutting and Inking, Patterns in 2 and 3 Dimensions

Chain, Compass and Plane Table Surveying, Theodolite and Total Station, Levelling and Contouring, Tacheometry and Traversing, Errors, Adjustments and Computations

Map Scales and Map Types, Coordinate Systems and Datums, Map Projections and Their Properties, Cartographic Design and Generalisation

EMR Interaction with Atmosphere and Earth Surface, Sensors, Platforms and Orbits, Resolution Types: Spatial, Spectral, Radiometric, Temporal, Satellite Image Interpretation and Classification

GIS Data Models: Raster and Vector, Spatial Analysis: Overlay, Buffer, Network, Spatial Database and Map Algebra, GNSS Principles: GPS Accuracy and Errors, GNSS Positioning: DGPS and RTK

Astronomical Surveying, Hydrographic Surveying, Mine Surveying, Industrial and Deformation Surveying, Curves and Route Surveying

Aerial Photogrammetry: Scale, Parallax, Relief Displacement, Stereo Photography and Digital Elevation Models, Terrestrial Laser Scanning, UAV/Drone Surveying and Processing

Image Rectification, Restoration and Enhancement, Image Registration and Fusion, Filtering: Spatial and Frequency Domain

Image Segmentation and Feature Extraction, Supervised and Unsupervised Classification, Accuracy Assessment, Neural Networks and Machine Learning for Remote Sensing