The Special Protection Group (SPG) is India's most elite protection force responsible for the security of the Prime Minister of India and former Prime Ministers along with their immediate family members. Established by the SPG Act 1988 following the assassination of PM Indira Gandhi, SPG provides close protection (Z+ category), convoy security, residential security, and advance security arrangements. SPG operates under the Cabinet Secretariat — unlike most security forces under MHA or MOD — giving it direct access and reporting to the highest levels of government.

SPG personnel are selected on deputation from the Indian Police Service (IPS), Central Armed Police Forces, and State Police forces with an exemplary service record. The selection is among the most stringent in India, involving: Extremely thorough background investigation of the candidate and family (7 generations of family background checked), physical fitness tests (comparable to NSG standards), psychological profiling and lie detector tests, and specialized protection training at the SPG Training Centre. There is no direct recruitment for SPG — only experienced security professionals with exceptional records from their parent service are considered.

SPG training is the most comprehensive VIP protection training in India, drawing from global close protection standards including US Secret Service and UK PPO (Protection and Police Officer) techniques. Training covers: Close Protection Drills (protective formation, vehicle drills, evacuation procedures), Defensive and offensive driving techniques, Weapons training (handguns, submachine guns, sniper rifles), Medical Emergency Response (trained to provide first aid in attack situations), Counter-surveillance, advance security procedures, and threat assessment. SPG personnel are also trained in negotiation, cross-cultural awareness, and diplomatic protocol.

SPG duties include: Close Protection — maintaining a physical shield around the protectee at all times; Advance Security Liaison (ASL) — visiting venues in advance to assess threats and coordinate with local police; Route Security — ensuring travel routes are secure before and during movement; Residential Security — guarding 7 Race Course Road (PM's residence) with multiple security layers; Technical Security — electronic surveillance, communication security, and counter-surveillance; and International Liaison — coordinating with foreign security services during PM's overseas visits. SPG personnel work in high-pressure 24/7 operational environment.

SPG deputation is among the most prestigious postings in Indian security services. Personnel receive enhanced pay (30-40% over parent service pay), housing in high-security SPG residential quarters, extensive domestic and international travel, and exposure to the highest levels of governance. The professional training received in SPG is world-class and transferable. However, the posting involves extreme stress, long irregular hours, complete public anonymity, and no personal privacy — SPG personnel cannot discuss their work even with family. Post-SPG tenure, personnel return to their parent service with significantly enhanced career prospects.