Candidates must hold a B.Sc. degree in Medical Laboratory Technology (MLT) or a related life science discipline from a recognised university. Some notifications also accept candidates with a Diploma in MLT with relevant experience. Registration with a state medical council or equivalent body may be required. Age limit is 18–42 years with standard relaxations for SC/ST/OBC/EWS and persons with disabilities.

RRB Lab Superintendent is placed in 7th CPC Pay Matrix Level 6, with a basic pay of ₹35,400 per month. Including DA, HRA, and other allowances, the total package is approximately ₹45,000–₹55,000 per month. Railway Health Service employees also get free medical treatment, subsidised housing, and concessional travel facilities for themselves and dependants.

The CBT covers professional subjects including clinical biochemistry, haematology, microbiology, histopathology, blood banking, and quality management in labs. General Science at graduation level is also tested. Reasoning and GK sections are standard across all RRB exams. Professional lab science forms approximately 60–70% of the question paper.

Lab Superintendent requires C1 medical standard, which is one of the more relaxed categories in Indian Railways. Distant vision of 6/12 (better eye) and 6/18 (other eye) with or without glasses is acceptable. Colour vision testing is not as strict as for operational posts. The medical examination focuses on general fitness, absence of contagious disease, and ability to perform laboratory duties safely.

Currently, the selection process for RRB Lab Superintendent is based solely on the CBT, followed by document verification and medical examination. There is no separate practical laboratory test. However, candidates should have sound practical knowledge since the CBT includes application-based questions on laboratory procedures, equipment handling, and quality control. Practical knowledge improves performance in theory-based questions.