Question 1

What is SEAC and what does an Environment Appraiser do?

Accepted Answer

State Expert Appraisal Committees (SEACs) are technical committees constituted under the EIA Notification 2006 at the state level to appraise Category B environmental projects requiring prior environmental clearance from the State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA). SEACs include sectoral experts who evaluate EIA reports, participate in public hearings, site visits, and recommend whether or not to grant environmental clearance for projects like stone quarries, small industries, hotels, hospitals, and other Category B projects. Members are selected for their expertise in environmental science, engineering, ecology, social sciences, or related fields.

Question 2

What is the EIA process under the EIA Notification 2006?

Accepted Answer

The EIA Notification 2006, issued under the Environment Protection Act 1986, mandates prior environmental clearance for 39 categories of projects (Schedule I). Category A projects (large industrial, mining, river valley, port projects) require clearance from MoEFCC through Expert Appraisal Committees (EACs). Category B projects are appraised by SEACs at the state level. The process involves: Stage 1 Screening (Category B1 needs EIA, B2 needs only Form-I appraisal), Stage 2 Scoping (issuing Terms of Reference for EIA study), Stage 3 Public Consultation (public hearing mandatory for most B1 projects), and Stage 4 Appraisal and Grant of Environmental Clearance.

Question 3

What are the 39 mandatory EIA project categories?

Accepted Answer

The EIA Notification 2006 Schedule I lists 39 project categories requiring prior environmental clearance. Key categories include: mining projects (coal, metallic minerals, minor minerals), river valley projects (dams, hydroelectric projects, irrigation), thermal power plants, nuclear power, petroleum refineries, petrochemical complexes, fertilizer plants, cement plants, foundries, airports, ports and harbours, highways and expressways, township and area development, industrial estates, tourism projects, building and construction, hazardous chemical plants, and offshore and onshore oil/gas exploration and production. The SEAC appraiser must be knowledgeable about the environmental impacts specific to each category.

Question 4

What is NABET-QCI accreditation and how does it relate to EIA appraisal?

Accepted Answer

NABET (National Accreditation Board for Education and Training), under QCI (Quality Council of India), provides accreditation to EIA Consultant Organizations and certifies individual EIA professionals as EIA Coordinators or Functional Area Experts (FAEs). MoEFCC mandated in 2010 that EIA reports submitted under the EIA Notification 2006 must be prepared by NABET-accredited consultants. SEAC appraisers evaluate whether the submitted EIA has been prepared by accredited consultants, whether the Terms of Reference have been properly addressed, whether baseline data collection is adequate, and whether the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is implementable.

Question 5

What are the key skills needed to become an effective SEAC environment appraiser?

Accepted Answer

An effective SEAC appraiser needs deep knowledge of the EIA Notification 2006 and its amendments, the Environment Protection Act 1986, Water Act 1974, Air Act 1981, and sector-specific environmental standards. Technical skills include understanding EIA methodology, baseline environmental assessment (air, water, soil, ecology, socio-economic), impact prediction methods (air dispersion modelling, hydrological modelling, ecological impact assessment), and Environmental Management Plan preparation. People skills for conducting public hearings — addressing community grievances, ensuring procedural fairness — are critical. Regular updates on MoEFCC circulars, NGT orders affecting EIA, and CPCB/state PCB standards are essential.

Year	Questions	Duration	Key Changes
2027	100	90 min	Latest pattern
2026	100	90 min	No major changes
2025	100	90 min	No major changes
2024	100	90 min	No major changes
2023	100	90 min	No major changes
2022	100	90 min	No major changes
2021	100	90 min	No major changes
2020	100	90 min	No major changes

Previous Year Papers & Mock Tests — SEAC Environment Impact Appraiser 2017–2027

Available Papers

2027 Mock Test

2026 Mock Test

2025 Mock Test

2024 Mock Test

2023 Mock Test

2022 Mock Test

2021 Mock Test

2020 Mock Test

Paper Pattern Over the Years

How to Use Previous Year Papers Effectively

Subject-wise Coverage Across Papers

Frequently Asked Questions

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