Basic English Grammar, Tenses, Articles and Adjectives, Prepositions, Conjunctions, Verb-Subject Agreement, Vocabulary: Idioms and Words in Context, Reading Comprehension, Sequencing of Ideas, Critical Reasoning and Verbal Deduction

Data Interpretation: Tables, Graphs and Charts, Numerical Computation and Estimation, Ratios, Percentages, Powers and Exponents, Logarithms, Permutations and Combinations, Mensuration, Geometry and Elementary Statistics, Probability

Logic: Deduction and Induction, Analogy, Numerical Relations and Reasoning

Transformation of Shapes: Translation, Rotation, Scaling, Mirroring, Assembling and Grouping, Paper Folding, Cutting and Inking, Patterns in 2 and 3 Dimensions

Propositional and First-Order Logic, Sets, Relations, Functions and Partial Orders, Groups: Lattice Theory and Graph Theory, Combinatorics: Counting, Recurrence Relations, Generating Functions

Matrices and Determinants, Systems of Linear Equations, Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

Limits, Continuity and Differentiability, Maxima and Minima, Integrals and Series

Conditional Probability and Random Variables, Mean, Median, Mode and Standard Deviation, Uniform, Normal, Exponential, Poisson and Binomial Distributions, Bayes Theorem

Boolean Functions, Minimisation: K-Maps and Quine-McCluskey

Arithmetic Circuits: Adders, Subtractors, Code Converters, Multiplexers, Decoders, Comparators

Latches and Flip-Flops, Counters and Shift Registers, Finite State Machines

Fixed and Floating Point Representation, Computer Arithmetic: Addition, Multiplication, Error Detection Codes

Instruction Formats, Addressing Modes, Instruction Sequencing, RISC vs CISC

Instruction Pipelining, Pipeline Hazards and Stalls, Structural, Data and Control Hazards

Cache Memory and Mapping Techniques, Main Memory and Secondary Memory, Virtual Memory and Page Replacement

Interrupts and DMA, Programmed I/O, Interrupt-Driven I/O

Data Types, Scope and Storage Classes, Functions, Parameter Passing and Recursion, Pointers, Arrays and Structures, Dynamic Memory Allocation

Arrays and Linked Lists, Stacks, Queues and Deques, Applications: Expression Evaluation, Infix to Postfix

Binary Trees: Traversals and Properties, Binary Search Trees, Heaps and Priority Queues

Asymptotic Worst-Case Time and Space Complexity, Algorithm Design Techniques, Recursive Algorithms and Recurrence Relations

Comparison Sorts: Merge, Quick, Heap, Counting and Radix Sort, Hashing: Chaining and Open Addressing

BFS, DFS and Applications, Shortest Paths: Dijkstra, Bellman-Ford, Minimum Spanning Tree: Prim, Kruskal, Topological Sort

Greedy Algorithms, Divide and Conquer, Dynamic Programming

Polynomial Time: P, NP, NP-Complete, NP-Hard, Reductions and Cook-Levin Theorem

DFA, NFA and Regular Expressions, Pumping Lemma, Minimisation of DFA

CFGs and Parse Trees, Normal Forms, Pumping Lemma for CFLs

Recursive and Recursively Enumerable Languages, Halting Problem, Reductions and Undecidable Problems, Rice's Theorem

Regular Expressions and Lexical Patterns, Finite Automata for Tokenisation

Grammars and Ambiguity, Top-Down Parsing: Recursive Descent, LL(1), Bottom-Up Parsing: LR(0), SLR, LALR, CLR

Syntax-Directed Definitions and Translation Schemes, Attribute Grammars

Activation Records and Storage Allocation, Three-Address Code, Static Single Assignment Form

Basic Blocks and Flow Graphs, Data Flow Analysis, Constant Propagation and Common Subexpression Elimination

Process States and System Calls, Threads and Concurrency, Scheduling Algorithms: FCFS, SJF, Round Robin, Priority

Critical Section Problem, Semaphores and Monitors, Classical Synchronisation Problems

Necessary Conditions, Banker's Algorithm, Detection and Recovery

Paging and Segmentation, Virtual Memory, Page Replacement: FIFO, LRU, Optimal, Thrashing

Directory Structures, File Allocation Methods, Disk Scheduling: FCFS, SSTF, SCAN, C-SCAN

Entities, Attributes and Relationships, ER Diagrams and Conversion to Tables

Relational Algebra and Tuple Calculus, Integrity Constraints and Keys

DDL, DML and DCL, Joins, Subqueries, Aggregates, Set Operations and Nested Queries

Functional Dependencies, 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and BCNF, Lossless Join and Dependency Preservation

ACID Properties, Serialisability, Locking Protocols: 2PL, Recovery: Log-Based Recovery, Checkpoints

OSI and TCP/IP Models, Protocol Layering and Services

Framing and Error Detection: CRC, Parity, Sliding Window Protocols, Multiple Access: ALOHA, CSMA, Ethernet

IPv4 Addressing and Subnetting, IPv6 and Transition, Routing: Distance Vector, Link State, Fragmentation, ICMP

UDP, TCP: Congestion and Flow Control, Handshakes and Sequence Numbers, TCP Congestion Control: AIMD

HTTP, DNS, SMTP, FTP, Email Architecture, Network Security Basics: Firewalls, Certificates