State Expert Appraisal Committees (SEACs) are technical committees constituted under the EIA Notification 2006 at the state level to appraise Category B environmental projects requiring prior environmental clearance from the State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA). SEACs include sectoral experts who evaluate EIA reports, participate in public hearings, site visits, and recommend whether or not to grant environmental clearance for projects like stone quarries, small industries, hotels, hospitals, and other Category B projects. Members are selected for their expertise in environmental science, engineering, ecology, social sciences, or related fields.

The EIA Notification 2006, issued under the Environment Protection Act 1986, mandates prior environmental clearance for 39 categories of projects (Schedule I). Category A projects (large industrial, mining, river valley, port projects) require clearance from MoEFCC through Expert Appraisal Committees (EACs). Category B projects are appraised by SEACs at the state level. The process involves: Stage 1 Screening (Category B1 needs EIA, B2 needs only Form-I appraisal), Stage 2 Scoping (issuing Terms of Reference for EIA study), Stage 3 Public Consultation (public hearing mandatory for most B1 projects), and Stage 4 Appraisal and Grant of Environmental Clearance.

The EIA Notification 2006 Schedule I lists 39 project categories requiring prior environmental clearance. Key categories include: mining projects (coal, metallic minerals, minor minerals), river valley projects (dams, hydroelectric projects, irrigation), thermal power plants, nuclear power, petroleum refineries, petrochemical complexes, fertilizer plants, cement plants, foundries, airports, ports and harbours, highways and expressways, township and area development, industrial estates, tourism projects, building and construction, hazardous chemical plants, and offshore and onshore oil/gas exploration and production. The SEAC appraiser must be knowledgeable about the environmental impacts specific to each category.

NABET (National Accreditation Board for Education and Training), under QCI (Quality Council of India), provides accreditation to EIA Consultant Organizations and certifies individual EIA professionals as EIA Coordinators or Functional Area Experts (FAEs). MoEFCC mandated in 2010 that EIA reports submitted under the EIA Notification 2006 must be prepared by NABET-accredited consultants. SEAC appraisers evaluate whether the submitted EIA has been prepared by accredited consultants, whether the Terms of Reference have been properly addressed, whether baseline data collection is adequate, and whether the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is implementable.

An effective SEAC appraiser needs deep knowledge of the EIA Notification 2006 and its amendments, the Environment Protection Act 1986, Water Act 1974, Air Act 1981, and sector-specific environmental standards. Technical skills include understanding EIA methodology, baseline environmental assessment (air, water, soil, ecology, socio-economic), impact prediction methods (air dispersion modelling, hydrological modelling, ecological impact assessment), and Environmental Management Plan preparation. People skills for conducting public hearings — addressing community grievances, ensuring procedural fairness — are critical. Regular updates on MoEFCC circulars, NGT orders affecting EIA, and CPCB/state PCB standards are essential.